Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) systems are electrical systems that regulate the operating conditions of electrical modules to enable photovoltaic panels to output more electrical energy. These systems can effectively store the direct current generated by solar panels in batteries, effectively solving the problems of living and industrial electricity in remote and tourist areas that cannot be covered by conventional power grids, without causing environmental pollution.

MPPT controller's main functions: detect the DC voltage and output current in the main circuit, calculate the output power of the solar array, and realize the tracking of the maximum power point. DisturbanceresistanceRMOSFETIn a series connection, under the condition of essentially stable output voltage, the MOS can be changed to adjust the output voltage.FETofduty cycleTo change the average current through the resistance, thus causing a current disturbance. At the same time, the output current and voltage of the photovoltaic cell will also change. By measuring the changes in the output power and voltage of the photovoltaic cell before and after the disturbance, it is determined that the direction of disturbance for the next cycle. When the direction of disturbance is correct, the output power of the solar photovoltaic panel increases, and the disturbance continues in the same direction for the next cycle. Conversely, if the direction of disturbance is incorrect, the disturbance will be in the opposite direction. In this way, the disturbance and observation are repeated to make the output of the solar photovoltaic panel reach the maximum power point.