Camellia, also known as the camellia flower, is a plant of great charm, with applications far beyond the realm of ornamental purposes. It plays a diverse role in different countries and cultures, from being a symbol of elegance in the East to a favorite in Western gardening practices, and even as a global economic crop.

The following is a detailed introduction to the application of camellia in major countries and regions around the world:

China: The Perfect Combination of Cultural Depth and Practical Value
China is the native country and the main cultural center of camellia, with a long and profound history of application.

Ornamental use:

Classical gardens: Camellia is one of the top ten famous flowers in Chinese tradition, and has been widely planted in gardens since ancient times. Its flowering period is in winter and spring, with bright colors and dignified flower shapes, adding color to the bleak season, symbolizing the character of not fearing the severe cold.

Bonsai art: Camellia is also an excellent material for making bonsai, which can be shaped by humans to show the meaning of strong and simple simplicity.

Cultural Symbols:

Fortune and Nobleness: Camellia flowers are often considered symbols of good luck, wealth, and long life.

The symbolism of love: In some regions, the camellia represents pure love and the ideal lover.

Literature and Art: The camellia is frequently mentioned in poetry, paintings, and crafts. It is also used to shape the image of Lady Wang in Jin Yong's "The Condor Heroes."

Practical and Economic Applications:

Tea (Important Application): The leaves of a variety of camellia —— tea (Camellia sinensis) are used to make all types of tea (green tea, black tea, oolong tea, etc.), and the tea culture is one of the important contributions China has made to the world.

Camellia oil: The seeds of another important species —— Camellia oleifera can be pressed to extract high-quality edible oil —— camellia oil. It is renowned as the 'Oriental olive oil', with high nutritional value and is also used in cosmetics and medicine.

Section Two: The Aesthetics and Spiritual Symbolism of Ikenobo Flower Arrangement in Japan
Camellia (Japanese name “Tsubaki”), has a unique and complex status in Japanese culture.

Viewing and Culture:

Garden Core: Camellia is an indispensable element in Japanese gardens, often paired with pine, bamboo, and other plants to create a serene and profound atmosphere.

Ikebana and Tea Ceremony: Camellia flowers and their branches are commonly used in Japanese ikebana (living flower arrangements). Their simplicity and elegance align with the 'wabi-sabi' aesthetic of the tea ceremony (chanoyu).

Practical Application:

Camellia oil: Similar to China, Japan also uses camellia seed oil (tojo oil) as a high-grade hair care oil and skin care product, known for its moisturizing and nourishing effects.

III. South Korea: A Symbol of Elegance and Resilience
In South Korea, the camellia (동백꽃, Dongbaek-kkot) is also very popular.

Cultural Symbol: It symbolizes the unwavering love, patience, and tenacity of life. This is because camellias bloom in the cold winter, with a long flowering period.

Territory Symbol: The southern tip of South Korea, Jeju Island, is a renowned spot for the observation of camellias, boasting extensive wild camellia forests that form a unique tourist landscape. Jeju Island regards the camellia as one of its symbols.

Practical application: Camellia oil is also used in the Korean beauty industry to make skincare and hair care products.

Section Four: The Stars of Gorgeous Horticulture in Western and European Countries
Camellia plants were introduced to Europe and North America in the 18th and 19th centuries, and they mainly developed as ornamental plants, sparking a breeding craze.

Ornamental use:

Landscape Gardening: In temperate climates (such as the west coast of the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Australia, and New Zealand), camellias are extremely popular as garden shrubs and hedges.

Greenhouse flowers: In cold regions, people cultivate pot-grown camellias in greenhouses.

Cut flower market: Camellia is a high-end cut flower, often used in wedding bouquets and banquet decorations, especially with the push of the Chanel brand, its fashion status is more prominent.

Breeding Center

In modern times, especially in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, there have been significant achievements in the breeding of camellias (especially hybrids of C. sasanqua and C. reticulata), resulting in the development of tens of thousands of new varieties with extremely rich flower types and colors.

Section Five: Global Economic and Ecological Applications
Tea production: Apart from China, India, Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Kenya, and Japan are also important tea-producing countries, with the variety of camellia supporting the vast global tea industry.

Cosmetic Industry: The oil of camellia, known for its excellent skin and hair care benefits, has become an important ingredient in global luxury cosmetics and natural organic skincare products.

Ecological Value: Camellia is an important nectar plant in winter, providing food for pollinating insects such as bees.

Summary
Country/Region Main Application Direction Cultural Symbolism and Characteristics
Chinese culture, practical (tea, oil), ornamental auspicious, wealth and honor, love, literary personality; the most comprehensive application
Japan, garden and flower arrangement appreciation, culture, skin care, wabi-sabi aesthetics, the dual nature of the sacred and the ominous, the beauty of determination.
South Korea, a symbol of beauty, culture, and skin care, represents tenacity and faithful love. Jeju Island is its geographical emblem.
Europe and the United States, ornamental (gardening, cut flowers), breeding luxury, fashion, garden charm; modern breeding center
In summary, the camellia is a globally significant plant that transcends cultural, economic, and lifestyle boundaries. It emerged from the profound cultural soil of the East, and in the West, it has blossomed anew in horticultural splendor. Ultimately, through tea and cosmetics, its value has permeated every corner of the world.

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North China
Beijing
Tianjin
Hebei Province
Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Handan, Xingtai, Baoding, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Cangzhou, Langfang, Hengshui.

Shanxi Province
Taiyuan, Datong, Yangquan, Changzhi, Jincheng, Shuozhou, Jinzhong, Yuncheng, Xinzhou, Linfen, Lvliang.
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Hohhot, Baotou, Wuhai, Chifeng, Tongliao, Ordos, Hulun Buir, Bayannur, Ulanqab, Xingan, Xilin Gol, and Alashan

Northeast China
Liaoning Province
Shenyang, Dalian, Anshan, Fushun, Benxi, Dandong, Jinzhou, Yingkou, Fuxin, Liaoyang, Panjin, Tieling, Chaoyang, Huludao.
Jilin Province
Changchun, Jilin, Siping, Liaoyuan, Tonghua, Baishan, Songyuan, Baicheng: Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
Heilongjiang Province
Harbin, Qiqihar, Jixi, Hegang, Shuangyashan, Daqing, Yichun, Jiamusi, Qitaihe, Mudanjiang, Heihe, Suihua Regions: Daxing'anling

East China
Shanghai
Jiangsu Province
Nanjing, Wuxi, Xuzhou, Changzhou, Suzhou, Nantong, Lianyungang, Huai'an, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Taizhou, Suqian.

Zhejiang Province
Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Quzhou, Zhoushan, Taizhou, Lishui.

Anhui Province
Hefei, Wuhu, Bengbu, Huainan, Ma'anshan, Huaibei, Tongling, Anqing, Huangshan, Chuzhou, Fuyang, Suzhou, Lu'an, Bozhou, Chuzhou, Chengdu, Xuancheng.

Fujian Province
Fuzhou, Xiamen, Putian, Sanming, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Nanping, Longyan, Ningde.

Jiangxi Province
Nanchang, Jingdezhen, Pingxiang, Jiujiang, Xinyu, Yingtan, Ganzhou, Ji'an, Yichun, Fuzhou, Shangrao.

Shandong Province
Jinan, Qingdao, Zibo, Zaozhuang, Dongying, Yantai, Weifang, Jining, Taian, Weihai, Rizhao, Linyi, Dezhou, Liaocheng, Binzhou, Heze.

Central and Southern China
Henan Province
Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Anyang, Hebi, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Puyang, Xuchang, Luohe, Sanmenxia, Nanyang, Shangqiu, Xinyang, Zhoukou, Zhumadian.

Hubei Province

Wuhan, Huangshi, Shiyan, Yichang, Xiangyang, Ezhou, Jingmen, Xiaogan, Jingzhou, Huanggang, Xianning, Suizhou, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

Hunan Province

Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Yueyang, Changde, Zhangjiajie, Yiyang, Chenzhou, Yongzhou, Huaihua, Loudi, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

Guangdong Province

Guangzhou, Shaoguan, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Foshan, Jiangmen, Zhanjiang, Maoming, Zhaoqing, Huizhou, Meizhou, Shaoguan, Heyuan, Yangjiang, Qingyuan, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Chaozhou, Jieyang, Yunfu.

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Nanning, Liuzhou, Guilin, Wuzhou, Beihai, Fangchenggang, Qinzhou, Guigang, Yulin, Baise, Hezhou, Hechi, Laibin, Chongzuo.

Hainan Province

Haikou, Sanya, Sansha, Danzhou, Wuzishan, Qionghai

Southwest China
Chongqing (Direct-controlled municipality)

Sichuan Province

Prefecture-level cities: Chengdu, Zigong, Panzhihua, Luzhou, Deyang, Mianyang, Guangyuan, Suining, Neijiang, Leshan, Nanchong, Meishan, Yibin, Guang'an, Dazhou, Ya'an, Bazhong, Ziyang

Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture

Guizhou Province

Prefecture-level cities: Guiyang, Liupanshui, Zunyi, Anshun, Bijie, Tongren Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

Yunnan Province

Prefecture-level cities: Kunming, Qujing, Yuxi, Baoshan, Zhaotong, Lijiang, Pu'er, Lincang

Chuxiong Yi, Honghe Hani and Yi, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao, Xishuangbanna Dai, Dali Bai, Dehong Dai and Jingpo, Nujiang Lisu, Diqing Tibetan

Tibet

Prefecture-level cities: Lhasa, Shigatse, Nyingtri, Linzhi, Shannan, and Nagqu

Region: Ali Prefecture

Northwest China
Shaanxi Province
Xi'an, Tongchuan, Baoji, Xianyang, Weiinan, Yan'an, Hanzhong, Yulin, Ankang, Shangluo.
Gansu Province
Lanzhou, Jiayuguan, Jinchang, Baiyin, Tianshui, Wuwei, Zhangye, Pingliang, Jiuquan, Qingyang, Dingxi, Longnan
Linxia Hui and Gannan Tibetan

Qinghai Province - Prefecture-level: Xining, Haidong
Hainan Tibetan, Huangnan Tibetan, Hainan Tibetan, Guoluo Tibetan, Yushu Tibetan, Haixi Mongol-Tibetan

Ningxia Yinchuan, Shizuishan, Wuzhong, Guyuan, Zhongwei.

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Karamay, Turpan, Hami
Kashgar Prefecture, Hotan Prefecture, Aksu Prefecture, Tacheng Prefecture, Altay Prefecture, Tianshan Leopard, Bortala Mongol, Bayingolin Mongol, Kirgiz, Ili Kazakh

Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan

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Global Major Countries and Their Important Cities
Major countries and their important cities around the world
Asia
Asia
China
China
Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Tianjin, Chengdu, Wuhan, Xi'an, Hangzhou, Nanjing
Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Tianjin, Chengdu, Wuhan, Xi'an, Hangzhou, Nanjing
Japan
Japan
Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Yokohama, Nagoya, Fukuoka, Sapporo
Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Yokohama, Nagoya, Fukuoka, Sapporo
South Korea
Republic of Korea
Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Gwangju
Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Gwangju
India
India
New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad
New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad
Thailand
Thailand
Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Phuket, Pattaya
Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Phuket, Pattaya
Vietnam
Vietnam
Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Danang, Haiphong
Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Hai Phong
Singapore
Singapore
Singapore City (Country as City)
Singapore City (Country or City)
Malaysia
Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur, George Town, Malacca, and Johor Bahru
Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Malacca, Johor Bahru
Indonesia
Indonesia
Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Bali (Denpasar)
Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Bali (Denpasar)
Philippines
The Philippines
Manila, Cebu, Davao
Manila, Cebu, Davao
Europe
Europe
United Kingdom
Britain
London, Manchester, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow
London, Manchester, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow
France
France
Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, Nice
Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, Nice
Germany
Germany
Berlin, Munich, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Cologne
Berlin, Munich, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Cologne
Italy
Italy
Rome, Milan, Venice, Florence, Naples
Rome, Milan, Venice, Florence, Naples
Spain
Spain
Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Sevilla
Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville
Russia
Russia
Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Kazan, Novosibirsk
Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Novosibirsk
Netherlands
the Netherlands
Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague
Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague
Switzerland
Switzerland
Zurich, Geneva, Bern (capital), Basel
Zurich, Geneva, Bern (capital), Basel
North America
North America
United States
America
New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., and Boston
New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, San Francisco, Washington D.C., Boston
Canada
Canada
Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, Ottawa (capital), Calgary
Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, Ottawa (capital), Calgary
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico City, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Cancun
Mexico City, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Cancun
South America
South America
Brazil
Brazil
São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasília (capital), and Salvador.
Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasilia (capital), El Salvador
Argentina
Argentina
Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Rosario
Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Rosario
Colombia
Colombia
Bogotá, Medellín, Cali
Bogota, Medellin, Cali
Africa
Africa
Egypt
Egypt
Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor
Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor
South Africa
South Africa
Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, Pretoria (Administrative Capital)
Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, Pretoria (administrative capital)
Nigeria
Nigeria
Lagos, Abuja (capital), Kano
Lagos, Abuja (capital), Kano
Kenya
Kenya
Nairobi, Mombasa
Nairobi, Mombasa
Oceania
Oceania
Australia
Australia
Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Canberra (capital)
Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Canberra (capital)
New Zealand
New Zealand
Auckland, Wellington (capital), Christchurch
Auckland, Wellington (capital), Christchurch