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history

  

The Beijing Olympic hockey game logo

Hockey is an ancient sport, the current international widely developed ball games. It's been thousands of years. The name of the pioneer of ancient hockey cannot be verified, but it can be confirmed that 3,000 years ago,ChinaPersia, India, etcAsiaThe popularity of the people. According to theBerlinAccording to the book hockey, published by sports publishing house in 1981, it is known that Chinese soldiers played with sticks and balls 2697 years ago.

The earliest \"textual research\" can be traced back to 2000 BC. inEgyptThe murals of the 16th tomb, discovered by Beny Hasson of the Nile valley, show two people standing opposite each other, with bent sticks overlapping each other, possibly a precursor to modern hockey. Another \"\" proof\" \"is a relief carved on the slopestyle from the ancient ruins excavated on the sea wall of Athens in 1922, depicting six players participating in a game similar to hockey. In the relief sculpture, four people stand on the side of the stick, the central two seem to do hockey to compete for the ball action, and the modern hockey competition is very similar to the way.

Historians believe that hockey played in manycountriesThe period of ancient civilization has already appeared. There are also historical records in China, India, Persia and other countries. According to the deduction, ancient people used to use branches andThe stickTo strike or roll a ball in celebration of a triumphal victory. Or Rolling Stones at fixed objects, or rolling round stones with a stick. After years of evolution and improvement, these activities gradually evolved into today's hockey.

sinaeanStep to playthanThe EuropeanThe history of hockey was much earlier, around the eighth century, when it spread eastJapan. The existing ancient Japanese capitalnaraOn a sui-tang dynasty flower blanket in the north of the zhengcangyuan courtyard, there is an image of a child playing in steps. The carpet is 236 cm long and 124 cm wide. The pattern of the carpet consists of flowers and a batting boy, who holds a crescent moon in his right handThe ball rodIs bending the body of the bowleg to make the stroke shape, in its left side painted a ball. The whole pattern vividly presents the vivid scene of child batting in tang dynasty. Therefore, there should be a certain relationship between European hockey and Chinese step playing.

In Egypt,The pyramidAnd the oldThe GreekThe wall carvings all resemble images of a modern hockey game. China in the tang dynasty on the popular \"step play\" (game time the two teams, and the players hold bottom bend wooden foot to hit the ball, to blow into the bulls win the other goal), its movements and also similar to modern hockey, modern hockey originated in the UK, in the UK in 1861 the first hockey club, in 1875 the British set up the first hockey association, men's hockey game in 1889LondonBe held. Then came the introduction of hockeyThe British commonwealthAll countries.

The third largest ball game in the world

2) cricket: 2-3 billion fans (India, England, Pakistan, Australia, etc.)

3)hockey: 2 billion to 3 billion fans (Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia)

4) tennis: about 1 billion fans (Europe, America, Asia)

5) volleyball: about 900 million fans (Asia, Europe, America, Australia)

6) table tennis: about 900 million fans (Asia, Europe, Africa, America)

7) baseball: about 500 million fans (USA, Japan, Cuba, Dominican republic)

8) golf: about 400 million fans (United States, Canada, Europe)

9) American football: 390 million to 410 million fans (mostly American)

10) basketball: fewer than 400 million fans (mainly the United States, Canada)

Development in China

appear

  

Beijing Olympic mascots hockey logo

Live in Inner MongoliaMauritva daur autonomous bannerThe daurians loved hockey. Da calls the hockey stick \"boyega\" and the ball \"Po lie\". The daur nationality had only language but no writing, so it can be seen that the hockey game has been spread among the daur people for a long time. It used to be common to walk through the countryside and see people playing hockey on the streets of the village, young and old. At the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the founding of Inner Mongolia in 1957, hockey was performed by two dozen youths from the molidavur autonomous banner. In 1974, the sport committee of molida daur nationality established the amateur men's hockey team and began to organize the traditional daur nationalitysports-- hockey, playing in the flag, translating and writing the rules of the game. In 1989, the state sports committee named the molida daur nationality autonomous banner as \"the hometown of hockey\".

inspection

The former national sports commission sent a Chinese hockey team with four people on October 11, 1975PakistanThe study was conducted over a period of 3 months. After the team returned to ChinaBeijingCollege of physical educationBeijing sports university) formed the men's hockey team, with the then attributionHeilongjiang province(now belonging to Inner Mongolia)The mauritva flagMen's hockey team in Beijing,ShanghaiShenyang and other places to perform, started the arduous entrepreneurial process. In 1980, the molidava flag in Inner Mongolia organized China's first women's hockey team. The first official national women's hockey game was played on 28 April 1983 solstice May 7 in jiangxi provincenanchangHeld in June of the same year in China women's hockeyTraining teamQinhuangdao state sports commission training base was formally established.

The status quo

Hockey as the Olympics,The Asian gamesOfficial competition projects by all levels of government andGeneral administration of sportCare and support. Both men's and women's hockey were listed as national in 1983 and 1987, respectivelyThe sports meetThe official event. The women's hockey competition was also listed as the fifth national city games competition event in 2003.

At present,Chinese hockey associationThere are 5 men's professional teams (liaoning, gansu,guangdong, tianjin, Inner Mongolia), 8 women professional teams (jilin, guangdong, Beijing,sichuan, liaoning, gansu, Shanghai,jiangsu). The annual national games are: national hockey league, national hockey championship cup, national youth hockeychampionship, the national hockey championship for middle school students, of which the national hockey league is the highest level.

In the 1980s, China began to participate in all kinds of international hockey games, and achieved a series of outstanding results. The national men's hockey team finished firstThe Asian cupThird place in the competition, fifth place in the 11th and 14th Asian games. The national women's hockey team has occupied a place in the international music circle for many years, having won the first Asian cup championship, the second place in the 11th Asian games and the seventhThe World CupAnd fifth in the 1991 champions cup.World university gamesSecond place at the intercontinental cup.

In recent years,Chinese women's hockey teamRapid progress. in2000 Sydney OlympicsWon the fifth place at the 2002 10th champion cup, the 14th Asian games champion and the third place at the 10th World CupAthens 2004Get the fourth place on the2008 Beijing OlympicsThe runner-up was the best result in the history of Chinese hockey. Won the \"best\" award from the general administration of sport of ChinateamAward the honorable title of one of the goalkeepersNieYaLiHe was named \"top 10 athletes of the year 2002\".

facilities

The field is made of greenThe pastureIs 91.4 m (100 yards) long and 55 m (60 yards) wide. The long edge and the wide edge are called the edge line and the end line respectively. There is a goal in the middle of each end line. The main marking lines in the field are: shooting arc, 22.9 meters (25-yard line),The midline,A penaltyPoints, etc.

The game equipment

The protective equipment used by the goalkeeper is fixed on the front and sides of the shoe so that it can play with its feet.

  

Hockey field

site: 91.40 meters long and 55 meters wide.

Ball stick: a hook device made of wood or synthetic material, with a flat surface on the left, used for hitting.

helmetUsed by goalkeepers to protect the head and face.

Elbow padsUsed by goalkeepers to protect their bodies.

Shin guards:The goalkeeperWorn to protect the body.

Shin guards: used to protect the lower leg.

Hockey shoes: hockeyathletesSpecial shoes.

The ball:Hard plasticMade, usually white, with a circumference of about 230 mm.

The goal: 3.66m wide and 2.14m high, in the middle of the shorter side of the field.

Hand guard: equipment used by a goalkeeper to protect his or her body.

The sport has only been played in China for 30 years and is relatively new to most Chinese audiences. With the rise of China's women's hockey team, the audience for the event is growing.

To watch the hockey game, the audience should enter in advance and take seats in the auditorium. Athletes under the guidance of the referee collective admission to the flag-raising ceremony, the audience should rise to salute. When introducing judges and athletes, the audience should give warm applause.

Hockey is the sport of collective antagonism to athletes of all kindsCompetitive abilityVery demanding. The game has the characteristics of fast transition speed and fierce confrontation. Attacking players with a variety of passing coordination, quick breakthrough, diving mat shot and goalkeeper save the game exciting scenes. The audience can applaud or cheer as the rhythm of attack and defense changes.

When awarding short corners and penalties, the game should be quiet, as both penalties require the referee's whistle to touch the ball. The success of the short corner depends on skill,tacticalCoordination, both sides are in a high state of tension, noise may affect the communication and play between team members. A penalty kick is a game of wits between a goalkeeper and a serverattentionPlay better.

Smoking is prohibited during the competition. The mobile phone should be turned off or set to vibrate and mute.

Edit this sectionHockey terminology

Hockey terminology. To hook, push, hit, or grasp a player's club with his or her hand in a match so as to affect or interfere with the normal operation of the ball.Interfere with the stick\".

Kick off Face off)

Kick-off is required at the start of each half of the game or after each goal is scored. At kick-off, the ball must be placed at rest in the middle of the field, with the kicker making a backward pass. The other players on both sides must stand in their own half and keep at least 4 with the ball. It's 57 meters.

The dribble

Hockey technical term, is the basic skills of the ball. The use ofwristAnd the natural swinging power of the arm, continuously tapping, stroking and pushing the ball forward.

Free kick

Hockey terminology. Players in the area outside the foul, usually awarded a free kick. When making a free throw, the ball shall be placed at rest at the foul point. The penalty shall be struck by the referee or pushed along the ground. All other players should be off the ball at least 4. It's 57 meters away. After hitting the ball, the kicker must not hit it again or approach it again until it is touched by other players. In a men's game, if the attacker is on the defensive 14. If foul occurs within the 63 - meter line, the defender may cross the foul spot at the vertical goal line. Execute at any point on the 63 meter line. In the women's game, if the attacker draws a foul on the defender's shot area, the defender can do so at any point in the shot area.

Penalty spot

Hockey terminology. A foul committed by a defender within the area of his field goal. The ball must be resting away from goal 6. 40 meters on the penalty spot. All players should stand outside the 23m line except the keeper and the attacker. Allow the kicker to take a step forward with a push, drive or volleyball shot. The keeper shall not leave the goal line until the opponent has struck the ball, and shall not lift the stick over his shoulder to block the ball.

Penalty corner; Short corner)

Hockey terminology. A penalty imposed on a defender when he or she intentionally knocks the ball out of the goal line, or when he or she intentionally fouls or fouls the area within the 23m line. When making a free throw, place the ball at rest on the goal post 9. On the goal line at 14 meters, the defense has at most six players standing outside the goal line, the rest of the team standing outside the middle line. All but one of the attacking players must stand outside the area until the ball is sent off. If the ball is not touched by the defending team, the attacking team must first stop the ball and then shoot. If use hand to stop the ball, must wait for the ball to stop on the ground after shooting, otherwise invalid.

Long corner

Hockey terminology. A player of the opposing team will place the ball within the corner flag 4 when the ball is accidentally knocked out of the goal line. Enter the ball on the goal line or sideline within 57 meters. Batting method andClose to a cornerSimilar.

Field bockey; Hockey)

Also known as field hockey. Ball games. During the game, two teams are played on the field of hockey. Each team is composed of 11 playersstriker, avant-garde,defenderGoalkeepers, etc. Each game lasts 70 minutes, divided into two halves with 5-10 minutes intermission. During the game, everyone holds handsMr RootBaguette, with its flat shot to the opposing goal for the winner. Its position plays withThe sportSimilar, usually in the form of \"4-3-3\" and \"5-3-2\", the commonly used techniques are swing, tackle, push, dribble, catch, push,Goal kickAnd so on. Modern hockey began with the founding of the first hockey association, the first men's hockey event in England in 1895, and the fourth Olympic Games in 1908 as a sport. Since 1971, it has been held every 2 to 3 yearsWorld Cup hockey gameEvery year various competitions are held in various states. Women's hockey has the same rules as men's. In 1896,London, EnglandThe all-england women's hockey association was founded, the international women's hockey federation was founded in 1927, the first women's grass field hockey cup was held in 1949, and the 22nd Olympic Games were listed as competition events in 1980. The sport of hockey was developed later in China, in 1978qiqiharHeld the first official competition, 1979 as the 4thThe national gamesEvents.

Personal foul

Hockey terminology. Refers to the game, the collision, trip, push, kick, pull, hit the other team members, known as \"infringer\". Penalty a free kick if the offence is committed outside the shooting area; A penalty kick or a corner kick is awarded for a personal foul within the shooting area.

Cross hit

Technical term for hockey. The way in which a player USES his arm and waist to hit the ball with a back-and-forth swing. It is characterized by great strength, fast ball speed and long running distance. More for longer passes, hits 14. 63 meters ball and shot.

Indoor hockey (indoor hockey)

In 1950,The federal republic of GermanyA ball game in which outdoor hockey is converted to indoor play, saidIndoor hockey\". The site is 37-47 meters long and 18-23 meters wide. Goal width 3 meters; Each party has 6 members; The sticks are similar to those used outside. But some of the rules have changed, only push, noFar corner, no offside, etc.

Push stroke

Hockey terminology. A basic method of hitting a ball with the stick behind the ball, close to the ball, and pushing it out with the tip of the stick handle. Is the guard passes to the forward or forward, forward passes to the forward common means.

putt

Hockey terminology. The stroke is similar to the putt, in which the two arms and body center of gravity move forward while hitting the ball, while using the wrist action to push and shake the ball so that the stick is tilted upward and the lower part of the ball is pushed off the groundFly to. Pushing is often used on shots.

Push In

Hockey terminology. When a player crosses the ball over the edge of the line, a player from the opposing team should push the stationary ball along the ground or tap the ball into the court. If the ball is not touched by any other player, the putt shall not be returned to the ball and shall not enter the range of the shot. Any other player (including bat) must leave the ball at least 4. 57 meters.

scoop

Hockey terminology. One of the basic techniques of batting. A batting technique in which the head of a bat is struck or struck against a ball with wrist force, and the ball is struck off the ground. Used for passing and shooting.

Goal ball

Hockey terminology. When an offensive player strikes the ball out of the end line, or the defensive player intentionally strikes the ball out of the end line outside the backfield line, 14 from the defensive player in the opposite direction. Hit the ball on the 63 - meter line and start again. When hitting the goal ball, all players must leave the ball at least 4. 57 meters.

Catch (helding)

Hockey terminology. Can be divided into two hands stick catch ball, one hand long reach stop ball, roll ball catch and hand stop ball. Used for catching and controlling the ball.

Overshoulder (Stick)

Hockey terminology. The act of lifting any part of the bat above the same height of the room while stopping the ball or hitting the ball. Penalty a free kick if it is over the shoulder outside the shooting area; If a foul is committed over the shoulder within the goal area, the penalty will be a near corner.

Kick seve

Hockey sports noun. The act of a goalkeeper who splits, bends, bends, turns, and blocks an opponent's shot with his foot within the goal area. In the 3rd Asian games in 1958, men's hockey was included in the official competition. The program has been set up in previous Asian games. At the 11th Asian games in 1990, Pakistan won seven men's titles, India and ChinaSouth KoreaOne championship each. In the 9th Asian games of l982, women's hockey was included in the official competition, and the Indian team won the championship.

checking

Hockey terminology. The term refers to a game in which a player inserts himself or herself between the opponent and the ball to hit the ball, or places his or her body between the opponent and the ball while holding the ball, to prevent the opponent from snatching the ball, or to prevent the opponent from making his or her partner hit the ball and get the ball.[1]

Edit this sectionThe hottest hockey game

European hockey league season 2007-2008

24 of Europe's top level hockey clubs will take part in the event. There will also be competitions at various levels, such as the European cup and the European hockey challenge (divided into two groups), to suit the level of hockey in different countries.

The highest level of the eurohockey league will include 24 top level clubs, the top four countries in Europe, three clubs from each country, two clubs from the top five to eight, and nine to 12 clubs from only one team.