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Product Name: KX1950 Seed Germination Bonsai

Product code: KX1950 Seed Germination Bonsai
Size: 110*110*105mm
Weight: About 500g
Material: shower head + plastic flower pot + cup + potting soil + seeds + thumbtack + tissue paper...
Color: Mixed
Battery Required: No
Packing: 100pcs
Box Specification: 600*450*550mm

Seed germination refers to a series of ordered physiological processes and morphological development processes that begin with the absorption of water. The germination of seeds requires suitable temperature, adequate moisture, and sufficient air. When seeds germinate, the first step is to absorb water. Soaking the seeds makes the seed coat swell and soften, allowing more oxygen to pass through the seed coat into the seed, while carbon dioxide is released through the seed coat. The internal physical state changes; the second is air, as the complex life activities in the germination process of seeds require continuous respiration to obtain energy to ensure the normal progress of life activities; the last is temperature. If the temperature is too low, respiration is inhibited, and the decomposition of nutrients in the seeds and other physiological activities need to be carried out at an appropriate temperature.

Experimental Purpose:
1. Recognize seeds and understand the basic conditions for seed germination.
2. Understand the significance of studying seed germination.

Principle Application:
Understanding the structure of seeds and knowing the conditions necessary for seed germination.

Installation Step Diagram:

1. Suitable Temperature
When a seed is about to germinate, the decomposition of organic nutrients in the endosperm and cotyledons, as well as the assimilation of organic and inorganic substances into the primordial substance of life, all these activities are carried out under the catalytic action of various enzymes. Enzymes will only catalyze reactions under certain temperatures, so temperature is a necessary condition.

Section Two: Adequate Hydration
Seed moisture content is very low, usually only accounting for 5% to 10% of the total seed weight. Under such conditions, the seed is very weak. Once the seed absorbs enough water, the seed coat will swell and soften, allowing oxygen to enter and enhancing respiration, thereby strengthening the seed's activity.

Three, sufficient oxygen
Seeds will begin to germinate once they receive the appropriate temperature and sufficient moisture. When oxygen is abundant, the respiratory function of the embryonic cells will gradually increase, and the activity of enzymes will also be vigorous, providing the necessary conditions for the germination of the seeds.

1 Development Stage
The seed undergoes a series of ordered physiological processes and morphogenesis from the beginning of absorption, which can be roughly divided into five stages:

swelling

The physical process. Seeds soaked in water or falling into moist soil, the hydrophilic substances within them attract water molecules, causing the seed volume to rapidly increase (sometimes more than 1 times). The absorption begins rapidly, but then gradually slows down. Seeds absorb water with great force, even breaking glass bottles. The result of the absorption softens or breaks the seed coat, increasing the permeability of the seed coat to gases, and the germination begins.

Hydration and Enzyme Activation

Peanut seed germination process
Peanut seed germination process
This stage of seed germination is essentially complete. The cell walls and protoplasm of seed cells undergo hydration, and the protoplasm transitions from a gel state to a sol state. Enzymes begin to activate, and respiratory and metabolic functions intensify rapidly. For example, after barley seeds absorb water, the embryo first releases gibberellin and transfers it to the bran layer, where it induces the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes (alpha-amylase, protease, etc.). Hydrolytic enzymes hydrolyze the stored starch and proteins in the endosperm into soluble substances (maltose, glucose, amino acids, etc.), and then transport them to the embryo axis to meet the needs of embryo growth. This initiates a series of complex morphogenesis processes for seedling formation.

Cell division and growth

As cells divide and grow, water absorption increases rapidly, and the embryo begins to grow. The stored nutrients in the seed begin to be consumed in large quantities.

Embryo breaks through seed coat

When the embryo breaks through the seed coat, it grows and expands, breaking through the seed coat and becoming exposed. Most seeds first emerge with the radicle, followed by the emergence of the embryonic bud.

Grow into a seedling

After growing into seedlings, they develop roots, stems, and leaves to form a seedling. Some seeds do not elongate their hypocotyl, leaving the cotyledons in the soil, with only the epicotyl and embryonic shoot emerging from the soil to form the seedling, which are known as cotyledon-retained seedlings, such as those of peas and broad beans. Other plants, such as cotton, rapeseed, melons, and kidney beans, have seeds that elongate their hypocotyl during germination, pushing the cotyledons above the soil surface to form cotyledon-emergent seedlings.

2自身条件
A viable and intact embryo

Seeds damaged by insect bites cannot germinate. After leaving the mother plant, seeds will lose vitality beyond a certain time and cannot germinate. The lifespan of different seeds varies. For example: willow seeds have only 12 hours, peanuts can last up to 1 year, wheat and rice can usually survive for 3 years, and cabbage and broad beans can last 5 to 6 years.

Have sufficient nutritional reserves

Normal seeds store sufficient nutrients in the cotyledon or endosperm to support germination, whereas shriveled seeds often lack sufficient nutrients to germinate.

Not in a dormant state

Plant seed germination
Plant seed germination
Most seeds, even when conditions are suitable, cannot germinate immediately after formation, a phenomenon known as dormancy. The main reasons for this are: one, the seed coat barrier. Some seeds have thick and hard seed coats, or they have a waxy or cuticle layer that prevents water penetration and gas exchange or impedes the embryo. Two, some fruits or seeds contain substances that inhibit germination. For example, certain desert plants, in their long-term adaptation to arid environments, have water-soluble inhibitory substances on their seed surfaces. These seeds can only germinate after heavy rainfall, ensuring that the resulting seedlings do not dry up due to lack of water. To promote the germination of dormant seeds, it is necessary to remove the dormancy based on the different reasons.

3. External Conditions

The external conditions for the germination of seeds, in addition to the seed itself having a sound germination capacity and being in the dormancy period, also require certain environmental conditions, mainly sufficient moisture, suitable temperature, and sufficient oxygen.

Plenty of water
The water content of dormant seeds generally only accounts for about 10% of the dry weight. Seeds must absorb sufficient water to initiate a series of enzyme activities and begin germination. The amount of water absorbed during germination varies among different seeds. Seeds with a higher protein content, such as legumes like soybeans and peanuts, absorb more water; while cereals like wheat and rice, which are mainly starch, absorb less. Generally, there is a critical value for water absorption below which germination cannot occur. Generally, seeds need to absorb 25%-50% or more of their own weight in water to germinate, for example, rice at 40%, wheat at 50%, cotton at 52%, soybeans at 120%, and peas at 186%. The difference in water absorption during seed germination is caused by the different components contained in the seeds. To meet the water needs of seed germination, agriculture needs to sow at the appropriate time, cultivate carefully, and create good conditions for water absorption to facilitate seed germination.

Suitable temperature
Seed germination and seed dormancy
Seed germination and seed dormancy
The germination of various seeds generally has three critical temperature points: the lowest, the optimal, and the highest. Temperate plant seeds require a lower temperature range for germination than those from the tropics. For example, the three critical temperature points for the germination of wheat, which originates from a temperate climate, are: 0-5°C, 25-31°C, and 31-37°C; whereas for rice, which originates from a tropical climate, the critical temperature points are: 10-13°C, 25-35°C, and 38-40°C. Many plant seeds also germinate more easily under temperature fluctuations than under constant temperatures. For example, the germination rate of little panicle grass seeds is 53% at 21°C, only 72% at 28°C, but it can reach 95% when the temperature alternates between 28°C and 21°C during the day and night. The temperature required for seed germination can also vary due to other environmental conditions (such as moisture), and the optimal temperature for the growth of young roots and shoots is also different.

The germination of different plant seeds has a certain optimal temperature. If the temperature is higher or lower than the optimal temperature, germination will be affected. When the temperature exceeds the optimal temperature to a certain extent, only a part of the seeds can germinate, and this period of temperature is called the highest temperature; when the temperature is lower than the optimal temperature, the germination of the seeds gradually slows down, and when it reaches a certain extent, only a small part of the seeds barely germinate, and this period of temperature is called the lowest temperature. After understanding the optimal temperature for seed germination, it can be combined with the growth and development characteristics of the plant body to choose the appropriate season for sowing.

Enough oxygen
Seeds absorb water and then their respiration increases, requiring more oxygen. Generally, crop seeds require that the oxygen content in the air surrounding them be over 10% to normal germination. These seeds are also called oil-bearing seeds, such as those of soybeans and peanuts, which require even more oxygen for germination. Most seeds cannot germinate when the oxygen content in the air is below 5%. Excessive soil moisture or soil compaction, which reduces the soil pore space and poor air circulation, will decrease the oxygen content in the soil, affecting seed germination.

Plentiful sunshine
A small number of plants

The germination of most seeds is not closely related to light, and it can proceed normally in both dark and light conditions. However, there are a few plant seeds that require light to germinate well, such as the seeds of the yellow fig, tobacco, and lettuce, which cannot germinate in the dark. These seeds are called phototropic seeds. Some plants, such as the seeds of Poa annua, Oenothera biennis, and Cynoglossum, germinate better in light conditions. There are also some lily family plants and the seeds of onions, tomatoes, and mandrakes that are inhibited by light, which are called aphototropic seeds. Phototropic seeds are generally very small and have little storage material. They can only germinate under light conditions on the soil surface to ensure that the seedlings can quickly emerge and carry out photosynthesis, avoiding death due to the depletion of nutrients. Aphototropic seeds, on the other hand, avoid germinating in the light on the surface of the soil, avoiding the seedlings from drying out due to insufficient surface soil moisture. In addition, there are some plants, such as the seeds of lettuce, that have a photoperiodic phenomenon in germination.

4 methods

Soak seeds in cold or warm water. Seeds that germinate easily can be treated with cold or warm water (35-40°C) before planting. Once the seed coat softens, remove and plant.

（2）Damage the seed coat. The seeds of lotus and cannas have hard seed coats that are difficult to absorb water. They can be ground or engraved with a file, then soaked in warm water (35-40°C) for treatment until the seed coat becomes soft, and then they can be planted.

(3) Acid and alkali treatment. Treat the seeds with acid or alkali to corrode the seed coat, and then rinse them with clean water to remove the chemicals.

（4）Chemical treatment. Before sowing, treat the flowers of buddleia seeds with a gibberellin solution of 10-250 mg/L to replace the role of low temperature and promote germination.

Ultrasonic treatment.

(6) Frozen or cryopreservation method. For flower seeds that require a dormant period under low temperature and moist conditions, this method has a significant promoting effect on germination.

5 Research Significance
Understanding the conditions required for seed germination of crops, mastering soil moisture and seeding depth, is extremely important for early emergence and complete emergence after sowing, which is the first step to achieve high yields. Some crop varieties, such as certain early rice varieties, do not have a dormancy period. If they are harvested in the presence of rain and high temperatures, they will germinate on the plants in the field or in the threshing field, which is known as embryonic germination. Seeds that are wet and hot during storage will also germinate. Some weed seeds, due to individual differences in their dormancy period or the different depths at which they are distributed in the soil layer, will germinate gradually over several years.

6 Power
The human skull is very dense and strong. Physiologists and anatomists have tried every possible method to separate it completely, but have failed. Later, someone suddenly invented a method, which is to put some plant seeds into the skull to be analyzed, provide them with temperature and humidity, and let them germinate. As soon as they germinate, these seeds will separate the bones with a terrible force, which the mechanical force cannot separate completely. The power of plant seeds is so great. This may be a little special, and it is not easy for ordinary people to understand. Then, have you ever seen the generation of a small grass under the rubble and stones? It yearns for the sun, and it wants to achieve its will to live, no matter how heavy the stones above, or how narrow the space between the stones, it always wants to twist and turn, but stubbornly and indomitably to the ground. Its roots penetrate into the soil, and its buds rise to the surface, this is an irresistible force, and the stones that stop it will be overturned by it. The power of a seed is so great.

Zhejiang Jianyi Education Technology Co., Ltd.
Zhejiang Jianyi Education Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly Yifei Toy Factory)Established in 2007, the current brand is "XING TEACHER" and "JIAN YI". Over the past 10 years, our company has made unremitting efforts to make the enterprise gradually mature. Our company is a member of the Teaching Equipment Industry Association of the Ministry of Education, and is a leading enterprise in Zhejiang Province. The company has been awarded the "Heavy Contract and Credit-Keeping" unit for three consecutive years by Jinhua City. In 2014, it was awarded the "Advanced Collective of Jinhua Teaching Instrument Industry" by Zhejiang Province.
Zhejiang Jianyi Education Technology Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise that integrates modern scientific research and development of educational equipment, curriculum design, teaching resource integration, and technical services. Zhejiang Jianyi Education Technology Co., Ltd., with high-tech products and modern educational equipment, has established itself in the education industry. Our products are sold all over the country and have been exported to Europe, America, Japan, and South Korea. After years of accumulation, the company has begun to take shape. In terms of technological innovation, the company has professional design personnel engaged in the research and development of complete sets of educational products and the upgrade of existing products; in production, management, and installation services, the company strictly implements the ISO9001 international quality assurance system standards; in marketing, the "Xing Teacher" products have been introduced into many provinces and cities in the country and enjoy a good reputation; for many years, it has provided high-quality, advanced, professional series of modern teaching equipment and professional equipment research and development custom services for the education industry. With excellent, high-quality professionals and perfect after-sales service quality, the company has established a good corporate image.Xing teacher's" series of science and education physics, chemistry, photovoltaic, wind energy, geography, biology, art, and so on, has successfully won bids in the education bureau tenders multiple times. Zhejiang Jianyi Education Technology Co., Ltd. continues to adhere to the business philosophy of "quality first, service to diligence, honesty in character," and upholds the "Xing teacher" culture, casts the "Xing teacher" brand, and creates the development policy of the "Xing teacher" career. We provide excellent equipment and high-quality services for school teaching and scientific research. We are willing to cooperate sincerely with new and old friends at home and abroad, work together, and devote our efforts to education and education.

  Before assembling, please check if the circuit is unblocked and all the components are complete. Ensure that all contact points are in good contact. During the assembly process, be careful not to get glue on your clothes or skin. Keep the parts out of reach of younger siblings to prevent them from swallowing them by mistake! Do not play with them on your head, to avoid the model falling and injuring you!