Product Name: Volcanic Eruption

Product Number: K0539

Package: Packaging Bag

Product size: 200*160*50MM

Packing Quantity: 300PCS

Box Size: 60*40*55 CM

Volcanic Eruption Lab: A chemical reaction between baking soda and vinegar!

With a thunderous roar, the rocks flew and rolled, and the incandescent lava, like a ferocious dragon, erupted from the ground, devouring everything around it. In an instant, dozens of miles were shrouded in a thick cloud of smoke and mist. This is the magnificent scene of a volcano eruption that we see on TV. Now let's all do a simulation experiment of a volcano eruption together.

 Understanding basic acid-base concepts, understanding the formation of volcanic eruptions, refining the skills of mixing chemical reactions, and refining the skills of children's hands-on operations

Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, baking powder, heavy salt, baking alkali, etc., is a white fine crystal. Its solubility in water is less than that of soda, and it is an easy-to-soluble white alkaline powder. When combined with water, it works to release carbon dioxide. It reacts faster in acidic liquids, such as juice. As the ambient temperature increases, the role of releasing gas becomes more pleasant. Sodium bicarbonate is an acidic salt generated by the neutralization of a strong base and a weak acid. When dissolved in water, it shows weak alkaline properties, and its magnetic properties can make it a leavening agent in the food preparation process. After sodium bicarbonate is used, sodium carbonate will remain in the finished product, and excessive use will make the finished product have a bitter taste.

Citric acid is an important organic acid, a colorless crystal, often containing one molecule of crystalline water, odorless, and has a strong sour taste, easily soluble in water. Its calcium salt is more soluble in cold water than in hot water, and this property is often used to identify and separate citric acid. Under greenhouse conditions, citric acid is a colorless translucent body or white granules or white crystalline powder, odorless, taste and acid, slightly hygroscopic in moist air. It has a wide range of applications in industries, food industry, cosmetics industry, etc.

How are volcanic eruptions caused? It turns out that the Earth's interior is filled with hot magma. Under immense pressure, magma can break through the crust at weak points, erupting and causing volcanic eruptions.
Volcanoes can be classified into active volcanoes, extinct volcanoes, and dormant volcanoes. The Tambora volcano and the volcanoes on the Hawaiian Islands are still active, which are examples of active volcanoes. An extinct volcano is one that had an historical eruption but has not erupted in recorded history. Over 600 volcanoes in China are mostly extinct volcanoes. Some volcanoes have historical records of activity, but have not shown any activity later, and these are called dormant volcanoes. A dormant volcano may suddenly "wake up" and become an active volcano.
A violent volcanic eruption can consume and destroy vast tracts of land, turning vast amounts of life and property into ashes. However, surprisingly, these areas are often densely populated regions. The Naruko volcano and Mount Fuji in Japan are examples of this. It turns out that the volcanic ash ejected by the volcano is a very good natural fertilizer. The mulberry trees in the Mount Fuji area grow particularly well, which is beneficial for sericulture; the area around Mount Vesuvius is renowned for its grapes. The scenery in volcanic areas is unique and often becomes a popular tourist destination.
Before humans could control volcanic activity, strengthening forecasting was a way to prevent volcanic disasters. Scientists often benefit from some sudden changes in animals and plants when studying volcanic eruptions. Many animals often flee far away before a volcanic eruption, as if they know a disaster is about to happen. There is a peculiar plant on the Indonesian island of Java that blooms before a volcanic eruption, and the local residents call it the "volcanic alarm flower."

There are approximately 50 volcanic eruptions of various scales on Earth each year, which may be an important reason for global climate warming," said Professor Liu Jiaqi, the chief scientist of the Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, after investigating the volcanoes and geology in the Antarctic region. Professor Liu Jiaqi also emphasized that this conclusion still needs further exploration and research by scientists.
Academician Liu Jiaqi is a researcher at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and an internationally renowned expert in volcanic geology and Quaternary geology. He has participated in numerous polar scientific investigations and research missions to the Antarctic and Arctic, with his travels spanning the globe. When discussing this Antarctic scientific expedition, as the chief scientist of the mission, Academician Liu expressed great excitement: "This Antarctic scientific expedition spans a latitude of 30 degrees. In addition to our Chinese Antarctic Great Wall Station, we have also visited four other Antarctic research stations and over a dozen small islands in the region, collecting relevant samples. This has provided us with a wealth of information and data for further research into the geological evolution, crustal movements, and changes in climate and environmental conditions in the Antarctic region.
When discussing the relationship between volcanic activities in the Antarctic region and global climate change, Academician Liu Jiaqi said: "The Antarctic continent is an ancient continent, and it is also a continent with high average altitude and cold and dry climate. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, there were numerous large-scale volcanic eruptions in the Antarctic region, each of which produced tens of thousands of tons of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and other substances, indicating that the dormant volcanoes in the Antarctic region have entered an active period.
Academician Liu Jiaqi emphasized that volcanic eruptions and crustal movements are a manifestation of life on a planet, and currently, only Earth and Jupiter's moon (Io) have such large-scale volcanic and crustal movements. On Earth, there are approximately 50 volcanic eruptions of various scales each year. Academician Liu Jiaqi pointed out that volcanic eruptions may be an important reason for global climate warming. However, these issues still need further exploration and research by scientists.
Professor Liu frankly admitted: there are still many things in nature that have not been discovered or recognized by humans. The ability of human beings to understand the natural world is inevitably limited by the era and history, especially by the means, methods, tools, and the limitations of human cognitive abilities. Our polar scientific investigation is still a long way to go, especially due to the limitations of transportation conditions, and it is still impossible to conduct scientific research in a wider area and radius in the Antarctic. If any mountain or island in the Antarctic area is named after a Chinese explorer or scientist, that will be a proud thing for the Chinese people.
The level of polar scientific research actually reflects a country's comprehensive strength. Although China started later in polar scientific research and exploration in Antarctica and the Arctic, it has developed rapidly. Polar scientific research can be considered a symbol of a strong country." When discussing human polar scientific research and exploration, Academician Liu Jiaqi added: "China's polar scientific research and exploration career began with the establishment of the Great Wall Station in Antarctica 20 years ago, which opened a new chapter, this is a move of a strong country. Currently, there are more than 50 scientific research stations in Antarctica. The Antarctic Treaty stipulates that no country can claim resources or territorial rights in Antarctica, but the Antarctic Treaty has a time limit. Currently, countries around the world are accelerating their Antarctic strategies. Because the rich mineral resources, energy, biological resources and fresh water resources in Antarctica have become an important choice for countries to expand their survival space. Antarctica is the world's fifth largest continent, accounting for 70% of the world's fresh water resources, but due to the unique geographical location and complex environment of Antarctica and the Arctic, human scientific research and exploration in polar regions are much more difficult and dangerous than in other regions, and the cost is also greater. Academician Liu pointed out that although China's polar scientific research started late, it has made many scientific achievements, and some of the scientific achievements are at the forefront of the world.
Volcanoes are not mountains that spew 'fire', but they spew a high-temperature viscous substance called magma. The eruption of a volcano is an exceptionally spectacular sight. Usually, magma that is tightly enclosed in the earth's crust, due to its extremely high temperature and the enormous pressure of the earth's crust, will break out violently through the surface when it encounters a thinner area of the crust or a fissure.

When a volcano erupts, accompanied by a thunderous roar, rocks fly and roll, and the incandescent lava, like fierce dragons, erupts from the ground, devouring everything around it. In an instant, dozens of miles around are shrouded in a thick cloud of smoke and mist. Sometimes, due to volcanic eruptions, a high mountain can suddenly rise from a plain, as is the case with Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Cotopaxi near the equator; at other times, an entire village or town can be swallowed up in an instant.

The formation of volcanoes is due to the fact that the deeper below the surface, the higher the temperature becomes. Approximately 20 miles deep, the temperature is high enough to melt most rocks. When the rocks melt, they expand and need more space. This molten material, heated by the high temperatures, rises along the cracks caused by the uplift. When the pressure in the magma chamber exceeds the pressure above it, it erupts outward to form a volcano.

Science and technology models mainly refer to land, sea, and air models. Science and technology model activities integrate science and competition, manual and brain work, and are deeply loved by a wide range of teenagers. Its main role is also to cultivate and improve the comprehensive manual innovation skills and high-quality of teenagers. Therefore, in the new form of deepening reform and vigorously promoting quality education at the turn of the century, actively carrying out science and technology model activities is an effective measure to implement quality education in an all-round way.
Expand Horizons and Enrich Scientific Knowledge
Science and technology model activities are rich in knowledge. For example, in the process of making and sailing model ships, students can understand why ships float, how ships maintain stability, why propellers generate power, and how ships move quickly. If we go deeper, students will encounter radio remote control transmitting and receiving machines, or master the principles of force, density, gravity, pressure, magnetic field, ship construction, engine construction, and radio material selection. Many of these knowledge are not in the "textbook" and are often needed in life. This will inspire students to think about other scientific and technological knowledge that comes from animal inspiration. Can you dare to imagine and make a science and technology model? Some may think of the inspiration from insects such as dragonflies and planes, or from fish shapes such as torpedoes, and can make some simple airplane models.In this way, students will come into contact with a variety of knowledge in science and technology model activities, which supplements a lot of book knowledge and opens up their horizons. It also enriches their extracurricular life and allows them to learn more about scientific knowledge.
Cultivate logical and thinking abilities
The technology model activity requires all participants to have a dialectical, holistic, and rigorous scientific approach in their thinking methods." "Although the sparrow is small, it has all the essential organs." The tiny technology model is a scaled-down version of large, real vehicles, ships, and airplanes; it is an integrated whole, where even a small change can affect the whole.
A model airplane that competes in duration in the air must go through two stages: high-speed climb and low-speed glide. The adjustment for the climb stage mainly involves the adjustment of the pull force line and the angle of attack after the wing is twisted. The position of the center of gravity, the installation angle of the wing and the horizontal tail, and the directional rudder all have an impact on the flight attitude of the airplane during climb, but these changes directly affect the performance of the model during the gliding stage. Therefore, in the design and adjustment, it is necessary to consider these stages comprehensively, as they have different loading conditions and solutions. For example, in the design and production of car, ship, and airplane models, the selection of materials for strength, rigidity, and weight is very serious. It is necessary to choose one of the best schemes from both. Therefore, in the scientific model activity, the thinking method requires adolescents to have a dialectical, holistic, and scientific approach. Otherwise, a small mistake can make the performance of the scientific model worse or even lead to failure.
It can be seen that the initial thinking of people begins with actions. The thinking characteristics of students are mainly in the form of concrete image thinking, and thinking cannot be separated from images and actions. In the process of operation activities, students need to move their eyes, move their hands, and think with their brains, speak with their mouths, so that the external operation process and the internal intellectual activities of dialectical, holistic, scientific, etc. are organically combined, which has effectively promoted their thinking development.
Three Cultivate Good Habits
Science and technology model activities are beneficial for shaping students' good personalities, cultivating their strong willpower and spirit of innovation, as well as their attention to detail and patience, forming a rigorous scientific attitude in doing things.
1. Scientific scheduling of time. Students face homework and various interests, talent cultivation, all need a certain amount of time and energy. Students must scientifically and reasonably arrange their time to achieve order and efficiency, without being overwhelmed.
2, having a beginning and an end. Nowadays, most students are only children, afraid of suffering and lack of perseverance, often give up halfway. If they choose activities that require them to use their hands and brains, let them try their best to complete a science and technology model work, their interest will rise again, because they all love to play with dynamic toys. From this perspective, it will also make them gradually overcome the laziness in the process of making, and persist in completing their own masterpieces. Thus, it also cultivates their habit of having a beginning and an end.
3, Collective Spirit. Students work together to design, create, and compete, helping, comparing, and learning from each other. This fosters a collective spirit among students, making them consider others and learn how to get along with others. In the socialist market economy, this collective spirit is essential for working together with others to create great achievements. The era of isolating themselves to boil pitch like Marie and Pierre Curie is no longer. Now, the society needs the cooperation of talent groups like the Apollo Moon Landing Project to transform the world and create the future.
Four: Stimulate students' interest in exploring the field of science and technology
A scientist or inventor, without a doubt, develops a profound interest in the things they love, and then explores and studies them, eventually achieving significant results in that field. Now, by having students create and assemble technology models, we allow them to understand the formation of power, the generation of buoyancy, and the effects of magnetic fields, laying a solid foundation for their future research and exploration in this area. This also sows the seeds of success.
In conclusion: actively developing science and technology model activities is an effective measure to implement quality education in schools, cultivate students' comprehensive development in morality, intelligence, physical, beauty, and labor, and improve their comprehensive quality. It is also an effective measure to implement the spirit of the opinions on strengthening popular science work issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, as well as the National Fitness Program, and to fully implement the "Science and Education Revitalize the Country" strategy proposed by the Party's 15th National Congress.