LED energy-saving lamps are caused by the field emission of light, which belongs to a cold light source. The light is soft, has good color rendering, low heat generation, low temperature, and has a service life of over 100,000 hours, which is dozens of times that of ordinary incandescent bulbs. They are generally not damaged.

Experimental Cognition
Battery box: As the name suggests, it is a box used to install and fix the batteries, which is a device for outputting battery power.

LED lights: LED stands for Light Emitting Diode, which is a solid-state semiconductor device that can directly convert electricity into light. The heart of an LED is a semiconductor wafer, with one end attached to a substrate and the other end connected to the positive terminal of the power source, enclosing the entire wafer in an epoxy resin. The semiconductor wafer consists of three parts: one is a P-type semiconductor, where holes dominate, and the other end is an N-type semiconductor, where electrons predominate. Typically, there is one to five quantum wells in the middle. When an electric current flows through the wire to act on the wafer, electrons and holes are pushed towards the quantum wells, where they recombine. This results in the emission of energy in the form of photons, which is the principle of LED light emission. The wavelength of the light, which is the color of the light, is determined by the material that forms the P-N junction.

Triode: When the triode operates in the amplification region, the collector current and the base current are essentially in a fixed ratio. The so-called amplification function of the triode is actually based on this fixed ratio, allowing a small current (the base current) to control a larger current (the collector current).
Resistance: The resistance of a conductor to the flow of current is called resistance! Factors affecting the size of resistance: length, cross-sectional area, material, temperature, and so on. Generally, for metal materials, resistance increases with temperature.
IC: is a specialized control IC for single-cell battery operation, which integrates two circuits: charging control and driving control. The charging control circuit includes level detection, charging control, and anti-backflow of battery current functions. The driving control circuit can complete level detection of rechargeable batteries (hereinafter referred to as batteries), generate pulse waves, manual standby, and high peak current limitation functions. This circuit can form a step-up type switch power supply system with only one peripheral inductor component, and the charging and driving efficiency are both over 80%. The circuit has high efficiency, low power consumption, a working voltage as low as 0.85V, and can automatically complete charging and driving functions. It is particularly suitable for lighting schemes powered by single-cell batteries.