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how is the volcanic eruption caused? it turns out that the interior of the earth is full of hot magma. under great pressure, magma will break through the earth's crust from weak places and gush out, causing volcanic eruption.
volcanoes can be divided into active volcanoes, extinct volcanoes and dormant volcanoes. the volcanoes on mount tambora and hawaii islands mentioned earlier are still active. this is the active volcano. extinct volcanoes refer to volcanoes that have been active in prehistoric times but have no record of eruption in history. there are more than 600 volcanoes in our country, most of which are extinct volcanoes. some volcanoes have recorded activities in history, but they have not been active since then. this volcano is called dormant volcano. dormant volcanoes may suddenly "wake up" and become active volcanoes.
violent volcanic eruptions will devour and destroy large areas of land, burning a large number of lives and property into ashes. however, it is surprising that volcanoes are often located in densely populated areas, which is the case around japan's naru volcano and fuji volcano. it turns out that volcanic ash from volcanic eruption is a very good natural fertilizer. mulberry trees in mount fuji area grow very well, which is conducive to sericulture; vesuvius volcano area is rich in grapes. volcanic areas have peculiar scenes and often become tourist attractions.
before human beings can control volcanic activities, strengthening prediction is a way to prevent volcanic disasters. scientists often benefit from some sudden changes in animals and plants in their research on volcanic eruption. many animals often flee away one after another before the eruption of the volcano. it seems that the great disaster of knowledge is about to come. there is a strange plant on java island in indonesia, which will bloom before the eruption. local residents call it "volcano alarm flower".

"there are about 50 volcanic eruptions of different sizes on the earth every year, which may be an important cause of global warming", the chief scientist of the antarctic scientific expedition team in antarctic village of china, academician liu jiaying of chinese academy of sciences pointed out after inspecting volcanoes and geology in antarctic region. academician liu jiaying also stressed that this conclusion still needs further exploration and research by scientists.
academician liu jiaying is a institute of geology and geophysics researcher of chinese academy of sciences and an internationally renowned expert in volcanic geology and quaternary geology. he has participated in many polar scientific investigations and research work in china's antarctic and arctic, and has traveled all over the world. when talking about this antarctic scientific examination, academician liu, the chief scientist of this scientific examination, said excitedly: this antarctic scientific examination spans 30 degrees in latitude, except for china's antarctic great wall station, we also arrived at the other four antarctic scientific research stations and more than a dozen small islands in the antarctic region, and collected relevant samples to further study the geological evolution of the antarctic region, the earth movement and the change of climate and environment have gained more information and basis.
when talking about the relationship between volcanic activities in the antarctic region and global climate and environmental changes, academician liu jiaying introduced: the antarctic continent is an ancient continent, it is also a continent with high average altitude and a cold and dry climate. there have been many large-scale volcanic eruptions in the antarctic region in the late 1960 s and early 1970 s. each eruption will produce hundreds of thousands of tons of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and other substances, this indicates that dormant volcanoes in the antarctic region have entered an active period.
academician liu jiaying stressed: volcanic eruption and crust movement are a manifestation of the planet's life. at present, only satellites of earth and jupiter are found in the vast milky way galaxy (muwei 1) there are such large-scale volcanoes and crust movements. on the earth, there are about 50 volcanic eruptions of different sizes every year. academician liu jiaying pointed out that volcanic eruption may be an important cause of global warming. however, these problems still need further exploration and research by scientists.
academician liu said frankly: there are still many things in nature that have not been discovered and understood by human beings. human's ability to understand nature is inevitably limited by times and history, especially means, methods, the limitation of tools and human cognitive ability. there is still a long way to go for polar scientific investigation in our country, especially due to the conditions of transportation, it is not possible to conduct scientific examination in the wider area and radius of antarctica a few days ago. if there is a mountain or island in the antarctic region named after a chinese explorer or scientist, it will be a matter that makes people proud.
"a polar scientific research level is actually a performance of comprehensive strength. in the research and investigation of polar science such as the south pole and the north pole, although china started late, it developed very fast. polar scientific research can be said to be a symbol of power." when talking about human polar scientific research and research, academician liu jiaying added: the polar scientific investigation in our country opened a new chapter from the establishment of china's antarctic great wall station two decades ago, this is a powerful move. at present, there are more than 50 scientific research stations in antarctica all over the world. the antarctic treaty stipulates that countries cannot have resources and territorial requirements for the antarctic region, but the antarctic treaty has a time limit. at present, countries around the world are stepping up their antarctic strategy. because the abundant mineral resources, energy, biological resources and fresh water resources in antarctica have become important choices for countries around the world to expand their living space. antarctica is the fifth continent in the world, occupying 70% of the world's fresh water resources. however, due to its unique geographical location and complex environment, human beings engaged in scientific investigation and research in polar regions are much more difficult and dangerous than other regions, and the cost is also greater. academician liu pointed out: although the polar scientific research in our country started late, it has achieved a lot of scientific research results, and some scientific research results are still in the forefront of the world.
a volcano is not a mountain that spews "fire". it spews a high-temperature viscous substance called magma. the scene was spectacular when the volcano erupted. in normal times, magma is trapped in the earth's crust. due to its extremely high temperature and great pressure on the earth's crust, there may be cracks in the place where the earth's crust is relatively thin, magma rushed out of the ground violently.

when the volcano erupts, with the earth-shattering roar, the stones are rolling and rolling. the fiery magma is like a fierce fire dragon, pouring out from the ground and devouring everything around, in an instant, dozens of miles around were shrouded in a thick mist of smoke. sometimes, due to the eruption of the volcano, a high mountain can stand immediately on the flat ground, such as mount kilimanjaro and koto parkshi near the equator. sometimes, it can also swallow the whole village and town in an instant.

the formation of the volcano is below the surface of the earth, the deeper the place, the higher the temperature, about 20 miles deep, the temperature is high enough to melt most of the rocks. when the rock melts, it will expand and need more and more space. this material melted by high temperature will rise along the cracks caused by the uplift. when the pressure in the lava trough is greater than the pressure of the rocks above it, it will erupt outward to form a volcano.