The mixing of light colors (Newton's disk)

Experimental Objective: To simulate the color mixing scenario under different rotational speeds. And through the experiment, to understand the color mixing of the seven colors of light.

Equipment: Color Paper, Kit

Collaboration: Experimental Cinema Film - Newton's Cradle Experiment, Simulated Animation Gallery Interactive - Newton's Cradle

Process and Result:

1. Turn on the interactive Newton's Cradle animation, directly drag the speed switch of the Newton's Cradle, and change the speed of the Newton's Cradle. Observe how the color of the Newton's Cradle will change?

When the speed is low, the color can be clearly distinguished.

The color becomes closer to white as the speed increases.

2. Remove the blades from the fan, and adhere a hard paper disk to the shaft.

3. Cut a groove along the radius with seven-colored paper

Insert the seven discs together in a interspersed manner along the groove.

Turning the disk separately and adjusting the size of the seven sectors.

4. Change the ratio of the seven colors, slightly fix it, and place it on a hard paper disk. Turn on the fan switch to adjust the speed, and you will see what changes? Why does the color change when rotating?

The occurrence of color mixing occurs due to the visual persistence of the human eye. When light of the seven primary colors is superimposed on the retina, it causes a mixed color perception.

The seven colors are not proportional, following the correct spectrum of each color.

The proportion of "1:4" will present the white light.

Supplementary Materials:

1. When the speed of the turntable is high enough, the surface of the seven-color disc presents white. This is due to the phenomenon of human eye's visual persistence, where the superimposition of light from the seven colors on the retina causes a white visual perception. If two different colored wax paper is pasted on the disc, the combination of colors (or the ratio of color combination remains the same but changes) will result in different colors when the disc is rotated.

Newton observed the dispersion of light into a spectrum of seven colors when he passed sunlight through a prism, and he measured the width of each light band. He also varied the distance between the prism and the wall to test various scenarios, which led to the formation of our modern spectrum.

3. According to the experiment, Newton discovered that visible light, which allows us to see the world, is composed of all the different colors in the rainbow. When these colors mix together, we see white light. If the spectrum lacks one of the colors, the light will no longer appear white but will appear in other colors.

4. After Newton determined that light is composed of different colors of the spectrum, he wanted to know if he could recombine these colors to create white light. He then passed all the dispersed light through a prism, and the result was white light again. He might be the first person in history to recombine all the colors of the rainbow into a single pure white beam, making the rainbow disappear.

Newton had long realized that the spectrum is not composed of equal amounts of light of different colors, so he created the 'Newton's disk,' dividing the surface into seven regions of different sizes, which represent the seven visible bands of the rainbow. He then painted colors on these regions and placed the paper on a turntable, rotating it vigorously. The light bands of different colors need to be presented in the correct proportions as in the spectrum to produce a white light.

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