运动防护(Sport Protection), when people engage in various sports, injuries to the body can occur due to improper posture or excessive force applied to certain parts of the body. To prevent such harm to the body, it is necessary to protect the parts that are prone to injury. This measure to prevent harm to the body during sports is known as sport protection.
运动损伤For people who often participate in fitness exercises, various types of accidental injuries such as sprains, falls, collisions, and strains can occur at any time, and the importance of self-protection during sports cannot be ignored.
The so-called sports injuries refer to the injuries that occur in sports, which can be acute or chronic injuries, with chronic injuries being more common. The injured tissues involve nerves, muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules, skin, cartilage, and can also affect internal organs.
Professor Yang Jingyi from Beijing Sport University reminds fitness enthusiasts that from ankle support for the ankle joint to elbow support for the elbow joint, these seemingly small sports accessories can share the external pressure and impact during our regular exercise. Various joints are the most easily injured parts in sports, and excessive extension or flexion of the joints may cause damage to the tendons. Properly wearing support can greatly avoid excessive stretching of the tendons. For sports enthusiasts, the best support is bandages and adhesive tape, which have the closest degree of combination with muscles and can also well protect muscles and joints. When playing basketball, wearing wrist supports, knee supports, ankle supports, and for soccer, adding shin guards, elbow supports, and wrist supports are essential items. These seemingly insignificant small supports can be very helpful in protecting our bodies in critical moments.
Many fitness enthusiasts believe that they feel less flexible when wearing protective equipment. However, Professor Yang Jingyi points out that we should still adhere to the principle of 'safety first'. Sometimes, sports injuries can be very serious. We should never remove the sports protective equipment just for the momentary pleasure, as sports injuries can not only pose a potential threat to the sports community but also cause serious damage to the internal organs of the human body.Therefore, wearing sports protective equipment is essential.
Professor Yang Jingyi said that doing a good warm-up and timely elimination of post-exercise fatigue are two important aspects in preventing and treating sports injuries. Warm-up exercises can maximize the activity of muscles in various parts of the body, relieving the stimulation caused by large-scale and high-intensity exercises on muscles, bones, and internal organs. Timely elimination of exercise fatigue helps the body recover its functions. Common methods for eliminating fatigue include massage, active rest, sauna, steam bath, nutritional supplementation, etc. For the majority of people engaged in physical exercise, doing a good warm-up is more important than eliminating fatigue, because ordinary people are often not easy to exercise excessively, but it is easy to make technical mistakes. The potential threat of not doing warm-up before exercise is great. If they exercise blindly, fitness may become harm to the body. Sports system injuries can be classified into acute injuries and chronic injuries, and from the histological classification, they can be divided into soft tissue injuries: including muscle, tendon, ligament, and bursa injuries. Bone injuries: mainly referring to fractures of the bones of the limbs and the delicate bone structures and areas prone to stress concentration. Injury to cartilage: including the injury of joint cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage. Neurocardiac injury.
The causes of sports injuries
Subjective factors: 1. Thoughtlessness and carelessness are the main causes of all sports injuries. 2. Weak physical condition, poor physical fitness, or poor functional status. 3. Low technical level, inexperienced in sports, or errors in certain aspects of the movement. 5. Low sports mood, accompanied by difficulty, fear, shyness, hesitation, and excessive tension, which cannot concentrate attention. 6. Unstandardized sports posture can lead to fatigue-induced chronic injuries.
Objective aspects: 1. Lack of protection or help, or protection and help are not timely or incorrect methods during exercise. 2. The venue, equipment, and exercise facilities do not meet the standards. 3. The exercise load is improperly arranged, with excessive local burden. 4. The movements are rough and violate the rules (in contact sports). 5. The content combination is not scientific or the methods are not reasonable.
Prevention of Sports Injuries
1. Strengthen sports safety education, eliminate the idea of complacency, and improve the awareness of preventing injuries.
2. Carefully prepare and organize activities. Preparations can enable the functions of various organ systems to quickly enter the working state, to meet the requirements of strenuous exercise, reduce or prevent the occurrence of sports injuries; organizing activities can help the body better transition from a tense exercise state to a relatively quiet state, and can eliminate metabolic byproducts in the body, relieve muscle soreness and eliminate fatigue.
3. Improve technical movements and reasonably arrange the exercise load. Improper technical movements are often the main cause of injuries; while high-intensity exercise loads are an important cause of chronic damage to soft tissues and bones.
4. Strengthen protection and assistance, especially by improving self-protection abilities; assistance means protecting the body's vital areas (such as the head).
5. Conduct medical supervision effectively, and master the prevention and treatment methods for sports injuries.
Common Sports Injuries and Their Treatment
Soft tissue injury
1. Open injuries: There are scratches, lacerations, punctures, etc. All have the possibility of wound infection. When handling, it is particularly important to protect the wound. You can temporarily cover and bandage it with clean gauze, bandages, or towels to prevent infection. If the bleeding does not stop, you can choose appropriate methods to stop the bleeding and then take it to the hospital for further treatment.
2. Closed injuries: The main symptoms of these injuries are pain, swelling, limited movement, etc. According to the degree of injury, the local activity of the injured limb should be reduced or stopped, and the local fixed. In severe cases, it should be immediately applied with cold compression, local pressure bandaging, and elevating the affected limb. After 24 hours, comprehensive treatment can be taken according to the injury. Such as external application of drugs, physical therapy, massage, etc. If the muscle and ligament are severely torn or the joint is severely twisted, after emergency pressure bandaging, it should be sent to the hospital for surgical treatment.
Secondary bone and epiphyseal injury
1. Causes and symptoms: During physical activity, when a part of the body receives a direct or indirect violent blow, it may cause a fracture or a bone growth plate injury. The most common type is closed fractures, which are often seen in long bones of the limbs. Long-term poor posture in sports can also lead to fatigue fractures in certain parts. After a fracture occurs, swelling, subcutaneous ecchymosis, severe pain, limb dysfunction, muscle spasm, and sometimes deformity at the fracture site can be immediately observed. When moving, bone grinding sounds can be heard. In severe fractures, there may be accompanying symptoms such as bleeding, nerve damage, fever, thirst, and even shock.
2. Treatment: Do not move the injured limb after a fracture, use a splint or other substitutes to fix the injured limb, and promptly escort the hospital for examination and treatment. If accompanied by shock, it should be treated first, that is, pressing the 'Baihui' point, and performing artificial respiration and cardiac thoracic massage; if accompanied by wound bleeding, it should be simultaneously performed to stop bleeding and bandaging.
Three brain damage
1. Causes and symptoms: After being hit or struck by external forces during sports, damage can occur to the skull, the hard meningeal membrane, and the brain tissue. Patients may experience varying degrees of headache, nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms. In severe cases, they may exhibit coma, loss of consciousness, weak pulse, and breathing.
2. Treatment: After brain injury occurs, the injured person should be placed flat on their back immediately, and maintain absolute calm. It is strictly prohibited to shake, pull, or move the injured person. Meanwhile, apply a cold compress to the head with a towel, and send the injured person to the hospital for treatment in a calm manner.
Four - Neural Compression Injury
1. Causes and symptoms: Neurocardiac compression is commonly seen in chronic injuries during movement, such as wrist, ulnar canal syndrome, and lumbar disc herniation.
2. Treatment: Local closure, physiotherapy, massage, etc.
