technology small production kaleidoscope diy assembled handmade popular science kaleidoscope children's science experiment equipment toys

kaleidoscope

   kaleidoscope is a toy we often play with. as long as we look at the kaleidoscope, a beautiful "flower" will appear. and every time the kaleidoscope is turned, the flowers inside are different. the pattern keeps changing. do you want to know why the pattern keeps changing? let's go and explore the mysteries together!

   objective:1experience the fun of making kaleidoscope

2feel the mystery of scientific change

   experimental cognition:① kaleidoscope is a kind of optical toy, which puts fresh color objects on one end of the cylinder, places prism in the middle of the cylinder, and seals the other end with open glass, beautiful symmetrical images can be observed from the hole. ② how did the kaleidoscope pattern come from?it turned out to be reflected by a glass mirror. it is a prism composed of three glass mirrors, and then various glass fragments are placed on one end. after these fragments are reflected by the three glass mirrors, symmetrical patterns will appear, it looks like blooming flowers. ③ principle of image formation in plane mirrors: according to the reflection of light, the light of the sun or lamp shines on people and is reflected on the mirror surface. <here is diffuse reflection, which belongs to image formation in plane mirrors> plane mirror and reflects light into human eyes, so we see our virtual image in the plane mirror. <this is the reflection of light in plane mirror> the image in plane mirror is formed by the extended intersection of the reflected light of light, so the image in plane mirror is a virtual image. virtual images and objects are large, and the distance is equal. images and size of the body are equal. so images and objects are symmetrical to the mirror surface.

   knowledge expansion:kaleidoscope is made by using the imaging principle of plane mirror, and generates images through the refraction of light.1816in, scottish physicist sir david brewster invented kaleidoscope. brewster is mainly engaged in optical and spectral research. he liked optical experiments very much in his childhood and spent most of his life on his favorite optics. once, when he studied the nature of light with multiple mirrors, he saw the scene presented by multiple reflections in several relatively placed mirrors, then some stained paper were placed in the cavity formed by the mirror. as a result, he saw some symmetrical patterns, and without changing the position of stained paper, the pattern would change once. in order to make the pattern change constantly, he put the three-side angular mirror in a cylinder and then put the stained paper between two layers of glass at the end of the cylinder. as the angle of the triangular mirror changes, the number of images also changes. after the images overlap, various patterns are formed, and the ever-changing patterns can be seen by constantly rotating the kaleidoscope. in this way, he made kaleidoscope with different patterns that can be seen only by gently rotating. kaleidoscope achieved unexpected success overnight. this little thing that can produce wonderful patterns with a move is the "tv" at that time. what is more interesting is that once a certain pattern disappears, it takes several centuries to turn the same pattern, so every moment is worth appreciating and every second is worth cherishing!

   did you know that the refraction of light and the reflection of light all occur at the junction of bi-materials, but the reflected light returns to the original medium, while the refracted light enters another medium, due to the different propagation speeds of light in these two different substances, the propagation direction changes at the junction of bi-materials, which is the reflection of light. note: at the junction of bi-materials, both refraction and colleagues reflect. the light speed of the reflected light is the same as that of the incoming light, and the light speed of the refracted light is different from that of the incoming light.

   experiment report:according to what you have learned in this section, use the principle of image formation in plane mirrors to describe kaleidoscope.